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GLP-1 research and evidence

Every major GLP-1 trial produces data worth understanding on its own terms, separate from what it means for your coverage or your bill. This desk tracks the registration trials, the cardiovascular and organ-protection outcomes, and the head-to-head comparisons, so the clinical record stays readable next to the commercial one.

Flagship data resources: GLP Chart Price Index tracks the real cash-pay price of every US GLP-1 telehealth program, checked every Monday, with 12 months of price history. Our study on the gap between advertised and real GLP-1 prices measures how far the advertised figure runs below the real cost. Our newest study on compounded vs. branded GLP-1 cash prices measures the drug-by-drug cost gap between the two pathways, with a downloadable dataset. Our oral vs. injectable GLP-1 comparison covers what the 2026 Wegovy pill approval changes about cost and convenience. Our editorial on who writes GLP-1 rankings explains the three structural conflicts that shape what page one of search returns.
Efficacy · 9 min read
GLP-1 research roundup: what the 2025 trials actually showed
A balanced read on the major 2025-era GLP-1 trials and cohorts: the cardiovascular, kidney, liver and cancer-signal wins, plus the Alzheimer's miss and the vision-risk question. What is randomized, what is only observational, and where each result does not generalize.
Efficacy · 7 min read
GLP-1 efficacy: what the registration trials actually show
Wegovy at 14.9% mean weight loss. Zepbound at 22.5%. Saxenda at 7.4%. The numbers behind every weight-loss program's marketing copy, and what they hide.
Efficacy · 9 min read
SELECT trial deep-dive: what semaglutide reduces by 20% in cardiovascular patients
The SELECT trial enrolled 17,604 patients with established cardiovascular disease and showed a 20% relative-risk reduction in MACE on Wegovy 2.4mg weekly. For clinicians and healthcare-literate patients, here is the breakdown of what the trial actually showed and where the data is limited.
Insurance · 9 min read
Wegovy for cardiovascular secondary prevention: the SELECT-trial coverage path
The SELECT trial proved a 20 percent reduction in major cardiovascular events on Wegovy in patients with established CVD and overweight. That result reshaped Medicare coverage in 2024. For secondary-prevention patients, the path to a covered prescription now runs through a cardiology-coded diagnosis, not a weight-loss claim.
Efficacy · 8 min read
FLOW trial: what semaglutide does for kidney disease in T2D patients
The FLOW trial (3,533 patients, semaglutide 1.0 mg, T2D with CKD) showed a 24% relative-risk reduction in major kidney-disease events. For nephrology patients and their families, here is what the data actually says.
Efficacy · 9 min read
Zepbound for MASH and fatty liver: what the SYNERGY-NASH data really shows
Tirzepatide produced histologic resolution of MASH in roughly 62 percent of patients in SYNERGY-NASH at 52 weeks. That is the largest effect any drug has shown in the disease. The catch: no current FDA indication, no payer coverage path under MASH, and a long road to label change.
Efficacy · 9 min read
Zepbound for HFpEF: the SUMMIT trial and the cardiology routing problem
The SUMMIT trial showed tirzepatide reduced the composite of CV death and worsening heart-failure events by 38 percent in patients with HFpEF and obesity. The label changed. Cardiology is now in the GLP-1 conversation in a way it was not before.
Efficacy · 10 min read
Tirzepatide vs semaglutide: the head-to-head data, side by side
The SURPASS-2 trial put tirzepatide head to head with semaglutide in T2D. SURMOUNT-1 versus STEP-1 puts them side by side in obesity. The molecules are not interchangeable. Here is the data, the side-effect differences, and where insurance treats them differently.
Safety · 7 min read
GLP-1 muscle loss: what we know in 2026, and what to do about it
About 30% of the weight a typical GLP-1 patient loses is lean mass, including muscle. The number is real. Whether it matters depends on what you do alongside the medication.
Safety · 11 min read
GLP-1 risks: every documented adverse event and what the data actually says
Most comparison sites in this category gloss over GLP-1 risks. This is the unvarnished review: pancreatitis signal, gallbladder events, gastroparesis, suicide ideation MHRA review outcome, Ozempic face, discontinuation patterns. Sourced from FAERS, NEJM and FDA labels.
John Samaras, editor of GLP Chart
John Samaras, Founder and EditorI started GLP Chart after overpaying for a GLP-1 myself. Based in Austin, Texas.
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Why you can trust GLP ChartSame scoring framework applied to every program. No paid placements. We never remove unfavorable information at an advertiser's request. Pricing is pulled from each program's public-facing page every Monday.